A liver function panel is a group of blood tests used to evaluate how well the liver is working and to detect possible liver injury, inflammation, or problems with bile flow.

What it tests

A typical liver function panel includes:

• ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase): An enzyme found mainly in the liver. Elevated levels may indicate liver cell injury or inflammation.

• AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase): An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues. Increased levels may suggest liver injury but can also be affected by muscle or heart conditions.

• Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): Helps evaluate bile ducts and liver function. High levels may indicate bile duct blockage or certain liver or bone conditions.

• Bilirubin (Total and Direct): Measures a waste product processed by the liver. High levels can cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and may indicate problems with liver processing or bile flow.

• Albumin: A protein made by the liver. Low levels may suggest reduced liver protein production or other conditions.

• Total Protein: Measures the total amount of proteins in the blood, including albumin and globulins.

• Globulin (often calculated): Helps evaluate immune proteins and the balance of blood proteins.

What it can help detect

A liver function panel can help identify or monitor:

• Liver inflammation or injury

• Hepatitis (viral or other causes)

• Fatty liver disease

• Alcohol-related liver damage

• Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)

• Blocked bile ducts or gallbladder-related problems

• Effects of medications that may affect the liver

• Changes in liver function before certain treatments or surgery